Warm-up
Building history on a new sending domain or IP by starting small with your most engaged people and rising gradually.
Say it out loud
“A new sending domain has no history at all. We start small with our best people and build up, because there is nothing yet to give us the benefit of the doubt.”
A sender with no record is not a sender with a good record. Providers have nothing to weigh, so they are cautious, and a large first send from an unknown domain looks exactly like the thing they are built to stop. Warming means earning a history: small volumes to the people most likely to react well, increasing only while the complaint rate holds.
Clicks and orders, never opens. Since Apple began prefetching images an open is partly a machine, so a warm-up segment built on opens is partly machines — which is precisely the audience that cannot build you a reputation.
Only while the complaint rate holds. If it moves, you hold at the current step — you do not push through it.
Every provider treats an unknown sender differently, and none of them tell you the thresholds.
Part yours
The platform does part; the rest is genuinely yours.
What goes wrong
Migrating platforms and sending the first campaign to the whole list from a brand-new subdomain on day one. The message is perfectly authenticated, the volume is normal for you, and to the provider it is a domain that did not exist last week sending fifty thousand messages.
What people get told
The claim. “We do not need to warm up, our list is clean and our DNS is perfect.”
Actually. Neither of those is history. Clean data stops you being filtered for the wrong reasons; it does not create the record that makes a provider comfortable. Warm-up is not a hygiene step, it is the only way to acquire the thing being asked for.
See also
Where this sits
Stop 5, reputation decides. Having proved who you are, you find out whether they want you — and that is mostly about your history, not this message.